Everything about Treves totally explained
Trier (;
Luxembourgish:
Tréier; ; ) is a
city in
Germany on the banks of the
Moselle River. It is the oldest city in Germany, founded in or before 16 BC. Trier isn't the only city claiming to be Germany's oldest, but it's the only one that bases this assertion on having the longest history as a
city, as opposed to a mere settlement or army camp.
Trier lies in a valley between low vine-covered hills of ruddy sandstone in the west of the state of
Rhineland-Palatinate, near the German border with
Luxembourg and within the important
Mosel wine-growing region.
Trier is the oldest seat of a Christian
bishop north of the
Alps. In the Middle Ages, the
Archbishop of Trier was an important ecclesiastical prince, as the
Archbishopric of Trier controlled land from the French border to the Rhine. He was also one of the seven
electors of the
Holy Roman Empire.
With an approximate population of 100,000, Trier was until 2005 ranked fourth alongside
Kaiserslautern among the state's largest cities, after
Mainz,
Ludwigshafen am Rhein and
Koblenz. The nearest large cities in Germany are
Saarbrücken, some 80 km southeast, and Koblenz, about 100 km northeast. The closest city to Trier is the capital of
Luxembourg, some 50 km to the southwest.
Trier is home to the
University of Trier, the administration of the
Trier-Saarburg district and the seat of the ADD (
Aufsichts- und Dienstleistungsdirektion), which until 1999 was the borough authority of Trier. It is one of the five "
central places" of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate. Along with Luxembourg,
Metz and Saarbrücken, fellow constituent members of the
QuattroPole union of cities, it also forms a central place of the greater region encompassing
Saar-Lor-Lux (
Saarland,
Lorraine and
Luxembourg), Rhineland-Palatinate and
Wallonia.
Geography
Trier sits in a hollow midway along the
Moselle valley, with the most significant portion of the city on the east bank of the river. Wooded and
vineyard-covered slopes stretch up to the
Hunsrück plateaux in the South and the
Eifel in the North. The border with the
Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg is some 15 km distant.
Neighbouring municipalities
Listed in clockwise order, beginning with the northernmost; all municipalities belong to the Trier-Saarburg district
Schweich, Kenn and Longuich (all part of the
Verbandsgemeinde Schweich an der Römischen Weinstraße),
Mertesdorf,
Kasel,
Waldrach, Morscheid, Korlingen, Gutweiler, Sommerau and Gusterath (all in the
Verbandsgemeinde Ruwer), Hockweiler, Franzenheim (both part of the Verbandsgemeinde Trier-Land),
Konz (Verbandsgemeinde Konz), Igel, Trierweiler,
Aach, Newel, Kordel (Eifel), Zemmer (all in the Verbandsgemeinde Trier-Land)
Organisation of city districts
The Trier urban area is divided into
19 city districts. For each district there's an
Ortsbeirat (local council) of between 9 and 15 members, as well as an
Ortsvorsteher (local representative). The local councils are charged with hearing the important issues that impact upon the district, although the final decision on any issue rests with the city council. The local councils nevertheless have the freedom to undertake limited measures within the bounds of their districts and their allocated budgets.
The districts of Trier together with their official numbers and their associated sub-districts (in parentheses):
- 11 Mitte-Gartenfeld
- 12 Nord (Nells Ländchen, Maximin)
- 13 Süd (St. Barbara, St. Matthias)
- 21 Ehrang
- 202 Quint
- 22 Pfalzel
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23 Biewer
24 Ruwer-Eitelsbach
31 West-Pallien
32 Euren (Herresthal)
33 Zewen (Oberkirch)
41 Olewig
42 Kürenz (Alt-Kürenz, Neu-Kürenz)
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43 Tarforst
44 Filsch
45 Irsch
46 Kernscheid
51 Feyen-Weismark
52 Heiligkreuz (Alt-Heiligkreuz, Neu-Heiligkreuz)
53 Mariahof
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History
The
Roman Empire subdued the
Treveri in the 1st century BC and established
Augusta Treverorum (Lit: August (Regal, noble) [City] of the Treveri) in 30 BC. The city later became the capital of the Roman province of
Gallia Belgica, as well as the Roman prefecture of Gaul. The
Porta Nigra counts among the Roman architecture of the city. A residence of the
Western Roman Emperor, Roman Trier was the birthplace of Saint
Ambrose.
The
Franks occupied Trier from the Roman administration in 459 AD. In 870 it became part of
Eastern Francia, which developed into the
Holy Roman Empire. Relics of
Saint Matthias brought to the city initiated widespread pilgrimages. The bishops of the city grew increasingly powerful, and the
Archbishopric of Trier was recognized as an
electorate of the empire, one of the most powerful states of Germany. The
University of Trier was founded in the city in 1473.
In the 17th century, the Archbishops and Prince-Electors of Trier relocated their residences to
Philippsburg Castle in
Ehrenbreitstein, near
Koblenz. A session of the
Reichstag was held in Trier in 1512, during which the demarcation of the
Imperial Circles was definitively established.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, Trier was sought after by
France, who invaded during the
Thirty Years' War, the
War of the Grand Alliance, the
War of the Spanish Succession, and the
War of the Polish Succession. France succeeded in finally claiming Trier in 1794 during the
French Revolutionary Wars, and the electoral archbishopric was dissolved. After the
Napoleonic Wars ended in 1815, Trier passed to the
Kingdom of Prussia.
Karl Marx was born in the city in 1818.
As part of the
Prussian Rhineland, Trier developed economically during the 19th century. The city rose in revolt during the
revolutions of 1848 in the German states, although the rebels were forced to concede. It became part of the
German Empire in 1871.
Trier was heavily bombed and bombarded in 1944 during
World War II. The city became part of the new state of
Rhineland-Palatinate after the war. The university, dissolved in 1797, was restarted in the 1970s, while the
Cathedral of Trier was reopened in 1974. Trier officially celebrated its 2,000th anniversary in 1984.
Main sights
Trier is well known for its well-preserved Roman and medieval buildings, which include:
the Porta Nigra, the best preserved Roman city gate north of the Alps;
ruins of three Roman baths, among them the largest Roman baths north of the Alps;
the huge Constantine Basilica, a basilica in the original Roman sense, being the 67 m long throne hall of Roman Emperor Constantine; it's today used as a Protestant church.
the Trier Cathedral (or Dom St. Peter), a Roman Catholic church which dates back to Roman times and is home to the Holy Tunic, a garment that presumably goes back to the robe Jesus was wearing when he died. It is only exhibited every few decades, at irregular intervals.
the Liebfrauenkirche (German for Church of Our Lady), which is one of the most important early Gothic cathedrals in Germany and follows into the architectural tradition of the cathedrals;
the Roman amphitheatre;
the Roman bridge (Römerbrücke) across the Moselle River, which is the oldest bridge north of the Alps still crossed by traffic;
St. Matthias Abbey (Abtei St. Matthias), a still-in-use monastery in whose medieval church the only apostle north of the Alps is held to be buried
St. Gangolf Church was the city's market church that rivalled the Archbishop's Trier Cathedral.
the church of St. Paulin, which is one of the most important Baroque churches in Rhineland-Palatinate and may have been in parts designed by the famous architect Balthasar Neumann
the two old treadwheel cranes, the so called "Old Crane" (der Alte Krahnen) or the "Trierian Moselle Crane" (der Trierer Moselkrahn), a Gothic time building from 1413, and the Baroque crane from 1774 called the (old) "Customs Crane" (der (alte) Zollkran), also called the "Younger Moselle Crane" (German: der Jüngere Moselkran).
(Weidegasse)
Museums
Rheinisches Landesmuseum (one of the two most important German archaeological museums for the Roman period, along with the Römisch-Germanisches Museum in Cologne)
Städtisches Museum Simeonstift (history of Trier, displaying among other exhibits a model of the medieval city)
Toy Museum of Trier
Ethnological and open air museum Roscheider Hof, a museum in the neighboring town of Konz, right at the city limits of Trier, which shows the history of rural culture in the northwest Rhineland Palatinate and in the area where Germany, Luxembourg and Lorraine meet.
Fell Exhibition Slate Mine; site in the municipality of Fell, 20 kilometers from Trier, containing an underground mine, a mine museum, and a slate mining trail
Education
Trier is home to the University of Trier, founded in 1483, closed in 1796 and restarted in 1970. The city also has the Trier University of Applied Sciences.
There are various Kindergärten, primary schools and secondary schools in Trier, such as the Hindenburg Gymnasium Trier, Max Plank Gymnasium and the Pestalozzi-Hauptschule.
Miscellaneous
Every summer Trier hosts Germany's biggest Roman festival, Brot und Spiele (German for Bread and circuses).
Trier has been the base for the German round of the World Rally Championship since 2000, with the rally's presentation held next to the Porta Nigra.
New Trier Township, Cook County, Illinois, was originally settled by people from Trier.
Trier holds a lavish Christmas street bazaar every year called the Trier Christmas Market near the Cathedral of Trier. The next one will be held from 26 November to 22 December 2008.
The nearby town of Mettlach is the home of the world famous Villeroy & Boch ceramics
Infrastructure
Trier has direct railway connections to many cities. Nearest cities by train are Cologne, Saarbrücken and Luxemburg. Via the motorways A1, A48 and A64 Trier is linked with Koblenz, Saarbrücken and Luxemburg. Nearest international airports are in Luxemburg (0:40 h by car), Frankfurt-Hahn (1:00 h), Saarbrücken (1:00 h), Frankfurt (2:00 h) and Cologne/Bonn (2:00 h). The Moselle River is an important waterway and is also used for river cruises.
Notable residents
Ambrose (ca. 340–397), saint
Martin Bambauer (born 1970), church musician
Helena (ca. 250-330), saint, mother of Constantine the Great
Kaspar Olevianus (1536–1587), theologian
Karl Marx (1818–1883), social philosopher
Oswald von Nell-Breuning (1890–1991), theologian
Guildo Horn (born 1963), singer
Eric Jelen (born 1965), tennis player
Twin towns
Trier is twinned with:
Metz, France since 1957
Ascoli Piceno, Italy, since 1958
Gloucester, United Kingdom, since 1959
's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands, since 1968
Pula, Croatia, since 1971
Fort Worth, USA, since 1987
Weimar, Germany since 1990
Nagaoka, Japan, since 2006Further Information
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